Subsystem: Lactose and Galactose Uptake and Utilization
This subsystem's description is:
Staphylococcus aureus cannot hydrolyse lactose directly. Instead, it has an enzyme, phospho-beta-galactosidase, that hydrolytically cleaves the phosphorylated derivative of lactose into glucose and galactose-6-phosphate. Staphylococcus aureus transports lactose and galactose across the membrane and into the cell by a phosphoenolpyruvate dependent phosphotransferase system, during which, lactose and galactose are phosphorylated respectively to lactose-6-phosphate, and galactose-6-phosphate.
Staphylococcus aureus degrades D-galactose-6-phosphate via the D-tagatose-6-phosphate pathway, a series of three reactions, analogous to the first three reactions of the Embden-Meyerhof pathway for D-glucose-6-phosphate metabolism. The enzymes catalyzing the reactions in the D-tagatose-6-phosphate pathway:
D-galactose-6-phosphate isomerase,
D-tagatose-6-phosphate kinase,
and D-tagatose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase
were partially purified and characterized.
=========Variant codes:=============
1.0 - Lactose and galactose uptake by lactose permease and degradation (lac operon + gal);
2.0 - uptake and degradation of lactose by Staphylococcus way (cleaves the phosphorylated derivative of lactose into glucose and galactose-6-phosphate);
3.0 - lactose and galactose uptake and degradation in both ways (Streptococcus pneumoniae);
4.0 - Galactose uptake and degradation only
W - Lactose and galactose uptake by lactose permease and degradation (lac operon + gal) (with some to many genes missing);
X - LacC, *LacZ, GalE only;
Y - 1 or 2 genes missing for lactose and galactose utilization;
Z - Tagatose utilization pathway only.
For more information, please check out the description and the additional notes tabs, below
| Literature References | Possible effects of hydrogen ions in ischemic myocardium. Tsien RW Circulation 1976 Mar | 1253346 | The Leloir pathway: a mechanistic imperative for three enzymes to change the stereochemical configuration of a single carbon in galactose. Frey PA FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 1996 Mar | 8647345 | Global analysis of carbohydrate utilization by Lactobacillus acidophilus using cDNA microarrays. Barrangou R Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2006 Mar 7 | 16505367 |
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| Diagram | Functional Roles | Subsystem Spreadsheet | Description | Additional Notes | Scenarios | |||||||||
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